This is why we provide the books compilations in this website. on spheres and cylinders, 231-235 Aerodynamic heating, 448-455 Aerodynamics, definiton of, 51 Aeronautical Society of Great Britain, 14, 16 AIAA (American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics), 16 Ailerons, 360, 405 Airfoil( s): history of, 238-243 laminar flow, 140 supercritical, 208-209 Airfoil data, 186-192, 577-605 Airfoil nomenclature, 179-182 Airplane axes, 359 Airplane performance, definition of, 259 Airspeed (see Measurement of airspeed) Aldrin, Edwin E., Jr., 471 Altitude: absolute, 70 of airplanes, 47 density, 79 geometric, 70 geopotential, 72 relation between it and geometric, 72-73 pressure, 79 standard (see Standard atmosphere) American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), 16 American Rocket Society, 16 Ames Aeronautical Laboratory, 66, 161, 163 Angle of attack, 180 absolute, 367-368 effective, 218 geometric, 218 induced, 218 trim, 369-3 70 zero lift, 186 Apogee, 433 Apollo spacecraft, 413 ARDC 1959 Standard Atmosphere (see Standard atmosphere) Area-velocity relation, 127 Armstrong, Neil A., 471 Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC), 164 Aspect ratio, 193 Atmosphere: exponential, 439 standard (see Standard atmosphere) Balance for stability, 372 Ballistic parameter, 441 609 610 INDEX Bell, Alexander G., 38, 41 Bernoulli, Daniel, 154-156 Bernoulli, Johann, 154-156 Bernoulli's equation, 91, 104 Boulton, M P W., 405 Boundary layer: definition of, 134 laminar flow results, 141-144 shear stress in, 135, 136, 139, 142 skin friction, 135, 142-145 thickness, 135, 141, 145 transition, 146-149 tripping of, 234 turbulent flow results, 144-146 velocity profile, 136, 138 Breguet, Louis-Charles, 346 Breguet endurance formula, 308 Breguet range formula, 307 Busemannn, A., 163, 249 Camber, 179 Canard configuration, 373-374 Cayley, George, 6-12, 20, 159, 178, 179, 238, 344,403, 347-348, 517 Ceiling: absolute, 297-300 service, 297-300 Center of gravity, 367 Chanute, Octave, 20-21, 25, 27, 345 Chord, 179 Chord line, 179 Circulation, 236 Coefficient( s): critical pressure, 201-205 drag (see Drag coefficient) lift (see Lift coefficient) maximum lift, 187, 230 moment, 185 (see also Moments) pressure (see Pressure coefficient) Collins, Michael, 471 Compressible flow: criteria for, 132-133 definition of, 86-88 Continuity equation, 85-88 for compressible flow, 86 for incompressible flow, 87 Control, definition of, 365 Convective heating, 454 Copernicus, Nicolaus, 460 Comer velocity, 333 Cowling, 341-342 Critical Mach number, 201-205 Critical pressure coefficient, 201-205 Curtiss, Glenn, 34-44 Daedalus, Greek myth of, d'Alembert's paradox, 134, 153, 232 da Vinci, Leonardo, 4, 159 Density, definition of, 52 Density altitude, 79 Diehl, Walter S., 81-82 Dimensional analysis, 142, 182-186 Directional controls, 361 Downwash, 216, 378 Drag (see Aerodynamic forces, drag) Drag coefficient: definition of, 185 induced, 217-222 parasite, 260 skin friction, 142, 145 for supersonic flow, 213 (See also Aerodynamic forces) Drag polar, 220-221, 260, 345, 349 Durand, William F.: propeller research, experimentation with, 516 work with NACA, 65 Du Temple, Felix, 14, 15 Dynamic pressure, 115-116 Dynamic stability, 363-365 Eccentricity (see Orbit equation) Effective angle of attack, 218 Eiffel, Gustave, 161, 239, 345 Elevator, 360 Elevator control effectiveness, 391 Elevator hinge moment, 397-399 Elliptical wing, 219-220 Endurance: jet airplane, 310-315 propeller-driven airplane, 302-310 Energy equation, 102 Bernoulli's equation, 104 general discusson of, 101-103 INDEX Energy height, 335 Energy method, 334-340 Enthalpy, 95 Entropy, 98, 536 Entropy layer, 535 Equation(s): of motion, 261-264 for climb, 288 for static performance, 263 of state, 57-59 Escape (parabolic) velocity, 429 Euler, Leonard, 154-156 Euler's equation, 90 Expansion wave, 212-213 Explorer I, 468-469 Exponential atmosphere, 439 Farman, Henri, 357, 358 Fillet, 342-344 Finite wing, 192-194, 216-225 First law of thermodynamics, 94 Flaps, 229-231 Flow separation (see Separated flow) Freestream conditions, 137 Friction (see Shear stress) Gagarin, Yuri A., 470 Gas constant: specific, 58 universal, 509 Geometric angle of attack, 218 Gibbs-Smith, Charles H., 10, 15, 18 Glenn, John H., 470 Glide, 294-297 Goddard, Robert H., 469 Gravitational constant, 420 Gravity, center of, 367 Ground effect, 320 Ground roll: for landing, 325 for takeoff, 322 Halley, Edmund, 463 Hallion, Richard, 252 Heating: aerodynamic, 448-455 convective, 454 radiative, 454-455 611 Heinke!, Ernst, 520 Henson, William Samuel, 13, 20, 259, 405 High-temperature effects, 537 Hodograph, 290, 291 Hydrostatic equation, 71- 72 Hypersonic airplanes, 548-555 Hypersonic flow, definition of, 108, 533-542 Incompressible flow: definition of, 86-88 measurement of, 115-118 Induced angle of attack, 218 Induced drag, 154, 217-222 Infinite wing, 186, 192-194 Institute of Aeronautical Sciences, 16 Internal combustion engine (see Reciprocating engines) Internal energy, 93 Inviscid flow, definition of, 90 Isentropic flow: equations for: flow, 120 general, 100, 104 general discussion of, 98-101 Isentropic process, 98 Jet engine: altitude effects, 499 combustor, 496, 497 compressors, 496, 497 diffuser, 496, 497 general discussion of, 280 history of, 520-522 nozzle, 496, 497 p-v diagrams, 498 ramjet, 502-506 rotors, 496 SCRAMjet, 505-506 stators, 496 thrust equations, 491-495 turbine, 496, 497 turbofan, 499-501 turbojet, 495-499 turboprop, 500 Joukowski, Nikolai, 159 612 INDEX Kepler, Johann, 432, 459-461 Kepler's laws: derivation of, 432-436 first, 432 second, 433 third, 435 Kilogram, 60 Kutta condition, 237 Kutta-Joukowsky theorem, 237 Lagrange, Joseph L., 464 Lagrange's equations, 416-419 Lagrangian function, 418-419 Laminar flow: boundary layers, 141-144 definition of, 137 velocity profiles, 138 Laminar flow airfoils, 140 Lanchester, Frederick W., 244 Landing performance, 324-326 Langley, Samuel Pierpont, 21-26, 35-36, 42-43 Langley Memorial Aeronautical Research Laboratory, 65-66, 161, 249 Lateral controls, 361 Laval, Carl G P de, 163, 249 Laval nozzles, 163 Leading edge, 179, 181 Lewis Engirie Research Laboratory, 66, 519 Lift, definition of, 180 Lift coefficient: compressibility correction for, 200 definition of, 184 from pressure coefficient, 197-200 for supersonic flow, 213 (See also Aerodynamic forces) Lift distribution, 219 Lift slope, 186-187, 222-226 Lift-to-drag ratio, 265, 266 Lilienthal, Otto, 17-19 Load factor, 328 Longitudinal controls, 361 Longitudinal static stability, 369-374 Mach, Ernst, 159, 245-248 Mach, Ludwig, 159 Mach angle, 211 Mach number: critical, 201-209 definition of, 108 drag-divergence, 205-209 Mach wave, 210-211 Maneuver point, 333 Manly, Charles, 22-24 Manometer, 111-112 Mass flow: definition of, 85 equation for, 86, 510 Maximum lift coefficient, 187, 230 Mean camber line, 179 Measurement of airspeed: calibrated, 121 equivalent, 118 general discussion of, 112-115 incompressible flow, 115-118 subsonic compressible flow, 118-122 supersonic flow, 122-126 true, 117 Mercury spacecraft, 471 Moment coefficient, definition of, 185 (See also Moments) Moments: about aerodynamic center, 181 definition of, 180-182 about leading edge, 181 about quarter-chord point, 181 Momentum equation: general discussion of, 88-91 for inncompressible flow, 91 for inviscid flow, 90 Montgolfier, Etienne, 4, 20 Montgolfier, Joseph, 4, 20 Mozhaiski, Alexander F., 14, 15 Munk, Max, 244 NACA (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics), 64-67 NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration), 64-67 National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), 64-67 National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 64-67 National Physical Laboratory, 161, 239 Naval Ordnance Laboratory, 163 INDEX Neutral point, 386-387 Newton, Isaac, 169, 461-464 Newton (unit), 60 Newtonian law, 542 Nozzles: jet engine, 497-498 rocket engine, 129 subsonic, 109-110, 127, 128 supersonic, 127-130 throat for, 128 Oberth, Hermann, 469 Orbit, period of, 435 Orbit equation, 419-425 apogee, 433 circular (orbital) velocity, 428 derivation,421-424 eccentricity, 425 equation,424 parabolic (escape) velocity, 429 paths, types of, 426 perigee, 433 trajectories, 426 Orbital (circular) velocity, 428 Ornithopters, 4, 178 Oswald efficiency factor, 261 Otto, Nikolaus A., 44, 518 Otto cycle, 482-485 Parameter, ballistic, 441 Penaud, Alphonse,403-404 Perfect gas, 57-59 Perigee, 433 Period of orbit, 435 Phillips, Horatio F., 159, 238-239 Pilcher, Percy, 19-20 Pitch, 360 Pitch angle, 476 Pitching moment, total, 382-383, 392 Pitot, Henri, 156-157 Pitot tube, 114-125, 156-158 Pound force, 60 Pound mass, 61 Power: altitude effect, 282-286 available, 278-282 excess, 289, 336 613 Power (Cont.