During the early 1950s, the dominating Chicago labels were challenged by Sam Phillips' Sun Records company in Memphis, which recorded B. Dixon, Robert M.W. [54] However the call-and-response format can be traced back to the music of Africa. Before World War II, Tampa Red was sometimes referred to as "the Guitar Wizard". "Why Is the Blues Called the 'Blues'? It may be sending you baby, but it's worrying the hell out of me. Spirituals or religious chants in the African-American community are much better documented than the "low-down" blues. [82] Dallas-born T-Bone Walker, who is often associated with the California blues style,[83] performed a successful transition from the early urban blues à la Lonnie Johnson and Leroy Carr to the jump blues style and dominated the blues-jazz scene at Los Angeles during the 1940s. [92] After Phillips discovered Elvis Presley in 1954, the Sun label turned to the rapidly expanding white audience and started recording mostly rock 'n' roll.[93]. The first appearance of the blues is often dated to after the ending of slavery and, later, the development of juke joints. Visit the store page to get your very own official “Coffee with Kokomo” mug, and enjoy your Wallace’s Hard Times. He became a popular and prolific composer, and billed himself as the "Father of the Blues"; however, his compositions can be described as a fusion of blues with ragtime and jazz, a merger facilitated using the Cuban habanera rhythm that had long been a part of ragtime;[19][67] Handy's signature work was the "Saint Louis Blues". Blues shuffles or walking bass reinforce the trance-like rhythm and form a repetitive effect known as the groove. [67] In the early twentieth century, W.C. Blues guitarist and vocalist Keb' Mo' performed his blues rendition of "America, the Beautiful" in 2006 to close out the final season of the television series The West Wing. Chicago blues also influenced Louisiana's zydeco music,[95] with Clifton Chenier[96] using blues accents. [58] However, in the 1920s, when country blues began to be recorded, the use of the banjo in blues music was quite marginal and limited to individuals such as Papa Charlie Jackson and later Gus Cannon. Ted Nugent often performs "Soul Man" in his live shows, as did Prince during his 2004 Musicology tour. He composed and wrote many standard blues songs of the period, such as "Hoochie Coochie Man", "I Just Want to Make Love to You" (both penned for Muddy Waters) and, "Wang Dang Doodle" and "Back Door Man" for Howlin' Wolf. A well-known big band blues tune is Glenn Miller's "In the Mood". (Parentheticals in Garofalo.). The term race record, initially used by the music industry for African-American music, was replaced by the term rhythm and blues. Several record companies, such as the American Record Corporation, Okeh Records, and Paramount Records, began to record African-American music. The term Blues may have come from "blue devils", meaning melancholy and sadness; an early use of the term in this sense is in George Colman's one-act farce Blue Devils (1798). The lyrics of early traditional blues verses probably often consisted of a single line repeated four times. It was only in the first decades of the 20th century that the most common current structure became standard: the AAB pattern, consisting of a line sung over the four first bars, its repetition over the next four, and then a longer concluding line over the last bars. Blues subgenres include country blues, such as Delta blues and Piedmont blues, as well as urban blues styles such as Chicago blues and West Coast blues. Primeiramente o artista assinou contrato com a Arista Nashville Records, e permaneceu com eles de 1989 a 2011.Ele lançou catorze álbuns de estúdio, dois álbuns de Natal, sete coletâneas e um álbum de tributo para a gravadora. Although she admitted being unable to describe the manner of singing she heard, Forten wrote that the songs "can't be sung without a full heart and a troubled spirit", conditions that have inspired countless blues songs.[9]. The blues was highlighted in Season 2012, Episode 1 of "In Performance at The White House", entitled "Red, White and Blues". R&B music can be traced back to spirituals and blues. There are also 16-bar blues, such as Ray Charles's instrumental "Sweet 16 Bars" and Herbie Hancock's "Watermelon Man". [116], In the 1990s, the largely ignored hill country blues gained minor recognition in both blues and alternative rock music circles with northern Mississippi artists R. L. Burnside and Junior Kimbrough. 44–47: "As marketing categories, designations like race and, Garofalo, p. 27. The first publication of blues sheet music may have been "I Got the Blues", published by New Orleans musician Antonio Maggio in 1908 and described as "the earliest published composition known to link the condition of having the blues to the musical form that would become popularly known as 'the blues. Rock and roll has been called "blues with a backbeat"; Carl Perkins called rockabilly "blues with a country beat". The follow up single was an original song of Hank, Jr. titled "Old Habits" that fared better, peaking at number 6 on the Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. [46] However, there are some characteristics that were present long before the creation of the modern blues. [76] Ma Rainey, the "Mother of Blues", and Bessie Smith each "[sang] around center tones, perhaps in order to project her voice more easily to the back of a room". Howlin' Wolf, Muddy Waters, Willie Dixon and Jimmy Reed were all born in Mississippi and moved to Chicago during the Great Migration. [53], No specific African musical form can be identified as the single direct ancestor of the blues. Some labels are famous for rediscovering and remastering blues rarities, including Arhoolie Records, Smithsonian Folkways Recordings (heir of Folkways Records), and Yazoo Records (Shanachie Records).[118]. Lynn Abbott and Doug Seroff, ""They Cert'ly Sound Good to Me": Sheet Music, Southern Vaudeville, and the Commercial Ascendancy of the Blues", "Music: Exploring Native American Influence on the Blues", "African-American Music from the Mississippi Hill Country: "They Say Drums Was a-Calling, "Malaco Records to be honored with blues trail marker", "Blues in the Lower Chattahoochee Valley", Blues Fell This Morning: Meaning in the Blues, The American Folklife Center's Online Collections and Presentations, The Blue Shoe Project – Nationwide (U.S.) Blues Education Programming, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blues&oldid=991735482, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Hart Wand's "Dallas Blues" was published in 1912; W.C. [11] The lines are often sung following a pattern closer to rhythmic talk than to a melody. But my name's a reminder, Of a blues man that's already gone. [98] The "West Side sound" had strong rhythmic support from a rhythm guitar, bass guitar and drums and as perfected by Guy, Freddie King, Magic Slim and Luther Allison was dominated by amplified electric lead guitar. For instance, for a blues in the key of C, C is the tonic chord (I) and F is the subdominant (IV). That blue notes predate their use in blues and have an African origin is attested to by "A Negro Love Song", by the English composer Samuel Coleridge-Taylor, from his African Suite for Piano, written in 1898, which contains blue third and seventh notes. White performers such as the Beatles had brought African-American music to new audiences, both within the U.S. and abroad. During the 1980s blues also continued in both traditional and new forms. While popular musicians like Bo Diddley[88] and Chuck Berry,[94] both recording for Chess, were influenced by the Chicago blues, their enthusiastic playing styles departed from the melancholy aspects of blues. It is associated with the newly acquired freedom of the former slaves. [61], The musical forms and styles that are now considered the blues as well as modern country music arose in the same regions of the southern United States during the 19th century. View by: Highest Rated; Most Recent; Oldest First; 0. Many elements, such as the call-and-response format and the use of blue notes, can be traced back to the music of Africa. Carr accompanied himself on the piano with Scrapper Blackwell on guitar, a format that continued well into the 1950s with artists such as Charles Brown and even Nat "King" Cole.[69]. givemebeeron December 28, 2005 Link. In the 1950s, soul music by Sam Cooke, Ray Charles and James Brown used gospel and blues music elements. The blues evolved from informal performances in bars to entertainment in theaters. Alan Jackson performs "The Blues Man" at the Farm Aid concert in Bristow, Virginia on September 17, 2000. [20], Depending on the religious community a musician belonged to, it was more or less considered a sin to play this low-down music: blues was the devil's music. W.C. Garofalo cited other authors who also mention the "Ethiopian airs" and "Negro spirituals". During the blues revival of the 1960s and '70s, acoustic blues artist Taj Mahal and legendary Texas bluesman Lightnin' Hopkins wrote and performed music that figured prominently in the popularly and critically acclaimed film Sounder (1972). It was also his fifth album on the Elektra/Curb label. Handy's "The Memphis Blues" followed in the same year. [29] The simplest shuffles, which were the clearest signature of the R&B wave that started in the mid-1940s,[30] were a three-note riff on the bass strings of the guitar. These observations coincide more or less with the recollections of Jelly Roll Morton, who said he first heard blues music in New Orleans in 1902; Ma Rainey, who remembered first hearing the blues in the same year in Missouri; and W.C. Songs from this genre include "Scratch my Back", "She's Tough" and "I'm a King Bee". ). Contemporary African-American performers who work in this style of the blues include Bobby Rush, Denise LaSalle, Sir Charles Jones, Bettye LaVette, Marvin Sease, Peggy Scott-Adams, Mel Waiters, Clarence Carter, Dr. "Feelgood" Potts, O.B. [129] Almost 30 years later, Mahal wrote blues for, and performed a banjo composition, claw-hammer style, in the 2001 movie release Songcatcher, which focused on the story of the preservation of the roots music of Appalachia. ; Godrich, John (1970). This marketing strategy reinforced trends in urban blues music such as the use of electric instruments and amplification and the generalization of the blues beat, the blues shuffle, which became ubiquitous in rhythm and blues (R&B). Gershwin's second "Prelude" for solo piano is an interesting example of a classical blues, maintaining the form with academic strictness. Boogie-woogie was another important style of 1930s and early 1940s urban blues. Often termed "soul blues" or "Southern soul", the music at the heart of this movement was given new life by the unexpected success of two particular recordings on the Jackson-based Malaco label:[113] Z. Buchana, Ms. Jody, Shirley Brown, and dozens of others. [123][124], The blues' 12-bar structure and the blues scale was a major influence on rock and roll music. [27] For convenience or by necessity it is often approximated by a minor seventh interval or a dominant seventh chord. Life and career Early life. And I can't get no hearing from that Memphis girl of mine, Although the blues gained an association with misery and oppression, the lyrics could also be humorous and raunchy:[15], Rebecca, Rebecca, get your big legs off of me, Much of the time, some or all of these chords are played in the harmonic seventh (7th) form. [33] This music is poorly documented, partly because of racial discrimination in U.S. society, including academic circles,[34] and partly because of the low rate of literacy among rural African Americans at the time. Sing Great Country Favorites, Hank Williams Jr.'s Greatest Hits, Vol. Country blues performers often improvised, either without accompaniment or with only a banjo or guitar. Handy.[66]. [20], The American sheet music publishing industry produced a great deal of ragtime music. Idiosyncratic numbers of bars are occasionally used, such as the 9-bar progression in "Sitting on Top of the World", by Walter Vinson. Alan Jackson é um cantor de música country norte-americano. [91] The saxophonist J. T. Brown played in bands led by Elmore James and by J. Levine stated that "psychologically, socially, and economically, African-Americans were being acculturated in a way that would have been impossible during slavery, and it is hardly surprising that their secular music reflected this as much as their religious music did. Blue notes (or "worried notes"), usually thirds, fifths or sevenths flattened in pitch are also an essential part of the sound. Gospel music was nevertheless using musical forms that were compatible with Christian hymns and therefore less marked by the blues form than its secular counterpart. Jump blues tunes by Louis Jordan and Big Joe Turner, based in Kansas City, Missouri, influenced the development of later styles such as rock and roll and rhythm and blues. NEW! Garofalo, pp. When Jerry Lee Lewis returned to country after the decline of 1950s style rock and roll, he sang his country with a blues feel and often included blues standards on his albums. [77], In 1920 the vaudeville singer Lucille Hegamin became the second black woman to record blues when she recorded "The Jazz Me Blues",[78] and Victoria Spivey, sometimes called Queen Victoria or Za Zu Girl, had a recording career that began in 1926 and spanned forty years. The Story. Kunzler's dictionary of jazz provides two separate entries: "blues", and the "blues form", a widespread musical form (p. 131). [56] The banjo seems to be directly imported from West African music. [99][100] Expressive guitar solos were a key feature of this music. In the 1960s and 1970s, a hybrid form called blues rock developed, which blended blues styles with rock music. Habits Old and New is the thirty-first studio album by country music artist Hank Williams Jr. and was released under Elektra Records/Curb Records in June 1980. [10] Two of the first published blues songs, "Dallas Blues" (1912) and "Saint Louis Blues" (1914), were 12-bar blues with the AAB lyric structure. [121] Gospel music developed in the 1930s, with the Golden Gate Quartet. Musically, spirituals were a descendant of New England choral traditions, and in particular of Isaac Watts's hymns, mixed with African rhythms and call-and-response forms. Handy's "The Memphis Blues" followed in the same year. Blues performances were organized by the Theater Owners Bookers Association in nightclubs such as the Cotton Club and juke joints such as the bars along Beale Street in Memphis. King, Bo Diddley, Erykah Badu, Eric Clapton, Steve Winwood, Charlie Musselwhite, Blues Traveler, Jimmie Vaughan, and Jeff Baxter. [131], This article is about the music genre. Handy wrote that he adopted this convention to avoid the monotony of lines repeated three times. It was the low-down music played by rural blacks. Hendrix was a skilled guitarist, and a pioneer in the innovative use of distortion and audio feedback in his music. '"[32] Hart Wand's "Dallas Blues" was published in 1912; W.C. A lot of the 1970s-era "outlaw" country music by Willie Nelson and Waylon Jennings also borrowed from the blues. John Lee Hooker's popularity was revived with the album The Healer in 1989. Dorsey helped to popularize Gospel music. In 2004, the song was performed by the comedy duo Drake Bell and Josh Peck on their sitcom, Drake & Josh, in the episode "Blues Brothers". In 2004, Wim Wenders directed the film The Soul of a Man (the second part of The Blues, a series produced by Martin Scorsese), focusing on the music of Blind Willie Johnson, J.B. Lenoir and James. However, beginning in the 1990s, digital multitrack recording and other technological advances and new marketing strategies including video clip production increased costs, challenging the spontaneity and improvisation that are an important component of blues music. [107] Many compilations of classic prewar blues were republished by the Yazoo Records. This rapidly evolving market was mirrored by Billboard magazine's Rhythm and Blues chart. In the 1950s, blues had a huge influence on mainstream American popular music. The new migrants constituted a new market for the music industry. She was a free-born black from Pennsylvania who was working as a schoolteacher in South Carolina, instructing both slaves and freedmen, and wrote that she "came home with the blues" because she felt lonesome and pitied herself. It is similar to the musical instrument that griots and other Africans such as the Igbo[57] played (called halam or akonting by African peoples such as the Wolof, Fula and Mandinka). Blues musicians are musical artists who are primarily recognized as writing, performing, and recording blues music. George Jones made a remake of the song and was released in Sept. 13, 2005. Eric Clapton, known for his performances with the Blues Breakers and Cream, made a comeback in the 1990s with his album Unplugged, in which he played some standard blues numbers on acoustic guitar. 2, The Best of Hank Williams Jr. Volume One: Roots and Branches, That's How They Do It in Dixie: The Essential Collection, All My Rowdy Friends Are Coming Over Tonight, Living Proof: The Hank Williams Jr. Story, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Habits_Old_and_New&oldid=977818525, Short description is different from Wikidata, Album articles lacking alt text for covers, Articles with album ratings that need to be turned into prose, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, "Dinosaur" (Hank Williams Jr., Bob Corbin) – 3:17, This page was last edited on 11 September 2020, at 05:10. Habits Old and New was Williams' third full-length album in a fourteen-month span, following Family Tradition and Whiskey Bent and Hell Bound that were released in April and November 1979. [36] The first noncommercial recordings of blues music, termed proto-blues by Paul Oliver, were made by Odum for research purposes at the very beginning of the 20th century. [90] Chicago blues is influenced to a large extent by Delta blues, because many performers had migrated from the Mississippi region. I was alone in the hot lights Not too much left inside. [114], In the 1980s and 1990s, blues publications such as Living Blues and Blues Revue were launched, major cities began forming blues societies, outdoor blues festivals became more common, and[115] more nightclubs and venues for blues emerged. After World War II, new styles of electric blues became popular in cities such as Chicago,[86] Memphis,[87] Detroit[88][89] and St. Louis. I said, backwater rising, Southern peoples can't make no time It uses saxophone or other brass instruments and the guitar in the rhythm section to create a jazzy, up-tempo sound with declamatory vocals. Since the 1980s there has been a resurgence of interest in the blues among a certain part of the African-American population, particularly around Jackson, Mississippi and other deep South regions. The music of the civil rights movement[107] and Free Speech Movement in the U.S. prompted a resurgence of interest in American roots music and early African American music. [128] In the early 20th century, the blues was considered disreputable, especially as white audiences began listening to the blues during the 1920s. Sem dúvida é o mais importante compositor da segunda geração do blues . [5] As time went on, the phrase lost the reference to devils, and "it came to mean a state of agitation or depression." (2011). 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