1999. Geography. Cultural Geography: An Introduction. Typically, science is quantitative (based on numbers) and abstract. other examples: int’l trade, movement of semitrailers on expressways, radio broadcasts, phone calls, the ease (or difficulty) in which a good may be transported from one area to another. 1915. The Inuit successfully shifted their subsistence strategy to emphasize more seal hunting, enabling their society to survive the Little Ice Age and continue until the present day. Science aims to produce reliable generalizations about phenomena in the world, which will allow us to explain, predict, and control them. Emile Durkheim: Selected Writings. a year ago. A geographic area associated with a historic event, activity, person, or exhibiting cultural or aesthetic values. Morris, Ian 2010. As you are reviewing for this unit, focus on the key concepts! Sacred Ecology: Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Resource Management. A useful way of achieving this is to conceive of the environment as a culturally-mediated source of opportunities and constraints. study of how why and at what rate new technology spreads throughout a culture. Modern Technological Innovation Examples Though the contributions listed above have been extremely beneficial for society’s construction, there are also many modern-day instances of innovation used to create technological products. The realm of cultural-human ecology: adaptation and change in historical perspective. AP Human Geography Packet . In Greenland, the chieftains had cemented their power by claiming control of the best pastureland. Representation of a real world phenomena at a certain level of reduction or generalization (think: how large would my house be), Pertaining to space on the Earth’s surface sometimes used as a synonym for geographic, A region of the Earth that has common traits. The notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape. The growing season in Alaska is simply too short to cultivate sufficient maize locally. directions such as left, right, back, up, down, based on people’s perception of places. Meyer, 685-701. A map where a line is drawn out a map that joins all similar areas together. Any environment generally has what's called a historic range of variability -- the range of conditions (high and low temperatures, frequency of storms, etc.) The spatial spreading or dissemination of a culture element (such as technological innovation) or some other phenomenon such as a disease outbreak. University of California (Berkeley) professor of geography Carl Sauer (now deceased) endorsed the theory that human beings first practiced agriculture more than ten thousand years ago. The Ecological Indian: Myth and History. Terms in this set (59) ... for example, nomadic migration - that has a closed route & is repeated annually or seasonally ... diffusion of a process with negative side effects or what works well in one region many not in another. What is the name of the Parallel at 0 degrees? What is the 0 degree longitude called and what city does it cross through? A form of diffusion in which an idea or innovation spreads by passing first among the most connected places or peoples. 2003. You can request the full Ultimate Guide to AP Human Geography … Rather than looking for complete information before beginning to decide how to adapt to an environmental condition, adaptive management aims to generate information through attempts to adapt. This is important to Human Geography because many names mean significant things including beliefs of … For the most part, it stays on the 180 degree line. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. A Vocabulary List for AP Human Geography Martha Sharma Retired teacher Hilton Head, South Carolina Unit III. While environmental determinism was decisively rejected by academic geographers, environmental determinist ideas remain popular today -- perhaps because they give morally innocent explanations for the troubling inequalities in our world (Judkins et al. Maddykinns. Because the Inuit were heathens, it was believed that they had nothing of value to teach representatives of Christian European civilization. But modern Anchorage has built huge amounts of port infrastructure at the current sea level, meaning that a rise of a few meters would be a huge disaster for modern society. AP Human Geography: Exam Prep ... For example, some cultures eat a lot of fish because they live near water, while others live in the desert and very rarely eat fish at all. The details of the cycle are too complex to go into here, but the main point is that the Tsembaga do not see it as serving to ensure adaptation to their environment. 0. What is an example of Contagious Diffusion? It was once popular among geographers and anthropologists to believe that adaptation was not something societies were conscious of -- particularly small-scale, "traditional" societies. Vocab. In Vikings: The North Atlantic Saga, ed. To describe and compare GDP of different regions. In order to survive, all societies have to adapt to the opportunities and constraints that their environment presents for them, given their current culture (Butzer 1990, Moran 1991). New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux. Any illness or outbreak EXCEPT FOR HIV/AIDS. Study 126 AP Human Geography Unit 3 flashcards from Brice G. on StudyBlue. The idea of environment-as-backdrop holds that the natural environment has little or no direct effect on human societies. AP Human. Used to determine the location of things by measurement of angular distance, in degrees east or west from the Prime Meridian. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. The Ecology of Fire. Determinism within human-environment research and the rediscovery of environmental causation. McGovern, Thomas H. 2000. New York: Scribner. Those religious beliefs function to make the society well-adapted, without the people catching on to what's happening. American Anthropologist 93 (2): 361-382. Greenland was a similar enough environment that the Norse could initially thrive. Thankfully, Dr. Michael Kirton took the guesswork out of it when he created his adaptation-innovation theory in 1976, giving businesses, for example, a reliable inventory for assessing employees. AP Human Geography Unit 3. New York: W.W. Norton and Co. Leach, Melissa, and Robin Mearns. Title. Science may likewise be stumped. A map projection in which a region of the earth is projected onto a plane tangential to the surface, typically at the poles or equator.pol, A map that shows the entire world at once. Maps that tell stories , typically showing the degree of some attribute or movement of a geographic phenomenon. 1 Vocab. Geographical Journal 174 (1): 17-29. Geographic viewpoint- a response to determinism- that holds that human decision making not the environment, is the crucial factor in cultural development. The environment-as-backdrop view remains significant today in the family of theories usually referred to as "post-structuralism" or "post-modernism" (Soper 1995). In biology this general idea has been coopted so that adaptation has three meanings. Gunderson, Lance H., and C.S. Valid scientific research, with adequate control groups, takes a long time to complete, especially on landscape-level phenomena that can't be controlled in a lab (Whelan 1995). In Horizons in Anthropology, ed. Ex. This means that you normally get one major innovation per species. The Inuit learned to use the entire seal or whale due to the fact that resources are very scarce in the Arctic. Discussions of knowledge about the environment often break it down into two main categories -- science and traditional ecological knowledge. For example, some Native American societies traditionally believed that some game animals were provided by the gods, rather than being born to whatever animals survived the previous year's hunt -- and therefore that excessive hunting would not destroy the supply of game. Description. A classic example that illustrates the complexities of adaptation is the contrasting fates of the Norse and Inuit in Greenland (McGovern 2000). 2008). The regional position or situation of a place relative to the position of other places. A way to understand a topic or area using spatial features and relationships. My house is on the latitudes and longitudes (9.45, 7.85), The external location attributes of a place; relative location or regional position with references to other non local places, Atlanta is in the northern part of Georgia and about 250 miles from Savannah, An imaginary line circling the Earth and running through the poles. 2006. In such a theory, any human or social phenomenon of interest can be explained by pointing to some fact about the environment. The word adaptation does not stem from its current usage in evolutionary biology but rather dates back to the early 17th century, when it indicated a relation between design and function or how something fits into something else. But this was not a conscious choice � rather, they had stumbled upon a solution, and since that solution worked, their society survived while societies that pursued different paths collapsed. 1999. innovation adoption. study of the atoms and molecules that make up different substances. 2001. The action of giving a misleading account or impression. Ward, pp. The spread of the Spanish language and religion to most of Latin america due to colonization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. The view that natural environment has a controlling influence over various aspects of human life, including cultural development. Mathews, and W.B. Cultural core/Periphery pattern. Washington DC: Island Press. TEK is usually qualitative, as well as specific to the environment in which it developed (rather than generalizable to many environments). Adaptive management insists on extensive monitoring of the effects of policy choices so that we know what happens when we catch a certain amount of fish, or apply a certain fertilizer mix, or conduct controlled burns at a certain time interval. 2006). Through examples, exercises, and readings, students will learn the types of questions different techniques are designed to … The spread of an innovation or idea through a population in an area in such a way that the number of those influenced grows continuously larger, resulting in tan exploding area of dissemination. The Advanced Placement Human Geography (APHG) course introduces students to the systematic study of patterns and processes that have shaped human understanding, use, and alteration of Earth's surface. Alexandria, Egypt, where Egyptian, Greek, and Roman cultural landscapes can be found. Scientific American 225: 116-132. Soper, Kate. Civilization and Climate. Fairness in Adaptation to Climate Change. Cultural Realm: Definition. The most common for of relocation diffusion involves the spreading of innovations by a migrating population. Sequential diffusion process in which the items being diffused are transmitted by their carrier agents as they evacuate the old areas and relocate to new ones. The precise course of the collapse of Norse society is a complex problem, but we can examine two features of Norse culture that inhibited it from following the successful Inuit path: xenophobia and hierarchy.